Suelos supresivos y su papel en el manejo de enfermedades
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56205/ret.2-1.3Palabras clave:
Supresividad, patógenos, antagonistas, factores abióticos, conservacionista, prácticas agronómicasResumen
Los suelos supresivos son una herramienta eficiente en el manejo de enfermedades de origen edáfico, principalmente en agricultura agroecológica donde este tipo de control natural se desarrolla en mayor plenitud. Generalmente, la supresividad está basada en interacciones microbiológicas entre los patógenos y los antagonistas. Dentro de las ventajas de este tipo de control están, reducción en el uso y aplicación de plaguicidas, en la mayoría de patógenos ejerce un buen control, es amigable con otros métodos de manejo de enfermedades. Las interacciones que median la calidad de ser supresivo son dependientes de factores abióticos presentes tales como: niveles de pH, estructura, materia orgánica, contenido de arcilla, temperatura, humedad, responsables en brindar las condiciones óptimas de suprimir a un determinado fitopatógeno. En la siguiente revisión se aborda el concepto de suelos supresivos, tipos de suelos supresores, prácticas culturales y su efecto supresor, efecto de factores abióticos, supresividad a patógenos. Estudios recientes, muestran que la supresividad natural de un suelo puede ser potencializada a través de la implementación de diversas prácticas agronómicas con un enfoque conservacionista tales como mínima labranza, incorporación de enmiendas orgánicas y rotación de cultivos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es analizar aspectos fundamentales de este tipo de suelos y como estos influyen directa o directamente en el desarrollo de las enfermedades y sanidad en los cultivos.
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